Contents
Pro đang tìm kiếm từ khóa Stop loss is bad được Cập Nhật vào lúc : 2022-01-24 23:07:17 . Với phương châm chia sẻ Bí quyết Hướng dẫn trong nội dung bài viết một cách Chi Tiết 2022. Nếu sau khi Read tài liệu vẫn ko hiểu thì hoàn toàn có thể lại phản hồi ở cuối bài để Tác giả lý giải và hướng dẫn lại nha.
Posted on August 17, 2021January 22, 2022 by
Last Updated on January 22, 2022 by Oddmund Groette
Nội dung chính
Is a stop loss good or bad? What is the best stop-loss strategy? Are there alternatives to a stop-loss? When you read books and blogs about trading there is one mantra repeated over and over: you must always have a stop-loss. Why this obsession about stop-loss? Perhaps there are alternatives to stop-losses?
Our backtests reveal that a stop-loss mostly makes your strategies perform worse because stop-losses are a trade-off between ruin/survival and profits. We also explain why we dont include stop-loss levels in our monthly Trading Edges. At the end of the article, we give you several alternatives to a stop-loss.
To have a fruitful discussion about the pros and cons of stop-losses, we need to understand and define a stop-loss:
We define a stop loss as the price where you want to realize a loss in order to limit your losses. We can say its a defined price level mostly set in advance of your purchase of the shares or the asset.
A stop-loss can be both a physical order in the market or a mental one. For example, if you buy Microsoft 100 you might want to enter a stop-loss order 90 immediately after purchase. If the price goes down to 90, your shares are sold automatically the market or as a limit order.
Trailing stop
A trailing stop might take you out with a gain and thus might not be a stop-loss per definition. This is because a trailing stop trails the price and increases as the price goes up (if you are long). If you bought 100 and want to use a 5% trailing stop, the stop is increased to 104.5 if the price goes up to 110 without hitting the trailing stop along the way.
Normally a trailing stop is never lowered, only increased.
We will briefly mention some different methods in setting stop losses.
A predetermined stop loss: percentage or fixed price
This can be either a fixed dollar amount or a fixed percentage amount.
A percentage level, for example 5%, can be placed below your entry price. Another option is to use a fixed dollar amount. If you only want to risk 1 000 for the trade, then you calculate the stop price that equals this amount.
Does such a stop-loss strategy make sense? We believe it only makes sense if you have a predetermined risk/reward calculation. If not, we cant see much benefit in just setting a random percentage as a stop-loss.
Volatility based stop-loss
This is, we believe, is a more rational approach than the one above. Financial assets change volatility depending on the market, and you want to make sure that you dont get stopped out from the noise in the market.
Stop-loss is for survival not against losing money
If you lose your capital, you cant trade, obviously.
Likewise, if you lose 50% of your capital, you need to gain 100% to recover to the previous peak of your equity.
A stop loss is foremost about avoiding ruin and staying in the trò chơi. This is by far the best advantage with stop loss.
Stop-loss is impersonal
If you put in a stop-loss order after you have purchased, you can simply forget the position.
Traders are prone to behavioral mistakes and when you put in an order early you are done and can move on to the next trade.
Trailing stop locks in profits
A trailing stop can both be a stop loss and a stop profit, depending on the movement prior to execution.
One of the worst mantras in the stock market is you dont go broke by taking profits. Its hard to argue about that, but the same time, you will most likely never get very wealthy either. Hence, make sure you give your trades room to move in your desired direction.
But unfortunately, this doesnt mean stop losses are automatically good quite the contrary:
A stop-loss cant be fixed or predetermined
Many traders put a stop-loss for example 5%. This doesnt mean you are risking a max of 5%. Frequently the loss gets much bigger than that.
When you place a stop order you are not guaranteed it will be executed that price. If it gaps down more than the pre-determined stop-loss, the order will be executed below the 5% level.
This happens when there is adverse news. You simply have no opportunity to get out a 5% stop loss.
Further down in the article we provide you with an example of stop-loss levels. If we used a 1% stop level, it means that 67 trades of 164 are stopped out. But 14 of the trades are bigger than 1% and executed on the opening print if the open was lower than 1% from the entry price. Those 14 trades were executed an average price of 1.95% and the median was minus 1.85%.
Mind you, we tested on XLP which is an ETF that gets smoothed by the many holdings. If you trade individual stocks many more will get shaken out by adverse movements overnight.
Stop-loss has backward logic
If you are trading the stock market, which is highly mean reversive, an ETF or stock gets cheaper the more it falls. The statistics are clear: when the price goes down, it means the risk premium rises. This has always meant higher returns in the future.
The stock market has over the last 30 years shown strong evidence of mean reversion and thus any drop has been followed by better odds of increased returns in the nearest future.
Overnight gaps
Most argue the case for stop loss to prevent large and uncontrollable losses. If youre not using one its just a question of time before a large loss wipes out your position even your account.
But most uncontrollable losses happen overnight when an asset gaps against you. You cant limit your losses because of this, but perhaps, on the contrary, limiting your profit potential if you sell or cover big gaps.
To avoid this you need to trade lower size.
Stops can make you bleed to death
If you set the stops too tight you risk facing many small losses in a row. We are all prone to behavioral mistakes, and you might give up the strategy too early because of this.
Markets change
We strongly recommend using backtesting in order to find strategies to trade, but they have a weakness in curve fitting. This also involves stop-loss.
For example, you might use types of stop losses that work in certain environments, and thus force you out the wrong moments when markets change.
Well try to answer in short why we dont include stop-loss levels in our monthly Trading Edges:
Stop losses are personal
Stop-loss levels are all about risk management. We are not investment advisors and all our Trading Edges are not regarded as investment advice. We have no knowledge of your account, your wealth, or your risk level, and thus you need to calculate your own tolerance for risk.
Secondly, stop-loss needs to be evaluated based on the overall risk of your portfolio or your portfolio of strategies. If you are trading many strategies, it might not make sense to use a stop all.
Further down we argue what you can substitute a stop-loss with.
A few months back we published a trading strategy in the ETF with the ticker code XLP as part of our monthly Trading Edges (April 2022).
Lets test a few stop-loss strategies and see how the strategy performs. Our Trading Edges are never published with stop-loss levels, and hopefully, youll understand why after reading this article.
The strategy performs like this without stop-loss:
The average gain per trade is 0.75% over 141 trades. Max drawdown is 10%. All in all, we believe this is a pretty solid strategy with good risk-adjusted returns: the profit factor is 3.5 and the Sharpe Ratio is 2.7.
A fixed stop-loss
Lets implement a stop loss of 1.5% that is either executed intraday the exact level or on the open if it gaps adversely. What happens to the strategys performance?
The average per gain drops to 0.37% but the max drawdown is hardly reduced 9%.
Why is that? One reason is that with a stop loss you increase the number of losers: the number of max consecutive losers goes up from 3 to 5. You simply get more losers because many trades show a loss before they improve.
A stop-loss acts as insurance and it costs money to insure!
A volatility stop-loss
Lets test a volatility stop of 2 times the 20-day ATRs (we exit if the price drops twice the 20-day average the time of the purchase):
The average gain per trade is 0.55% and the max drawdown is 8%. The smaller drawdown comes the cost of lower overall profitability. The results improve compared to the fixed stop-loss simply because the volatility stop has more wiggle room for the position to work your way.
All in all, a stop-loss lowers the expected average gain per trade.
However, we believe XLP is one of the ETFs that performs the worst with a stop loss, so you better test yourself in other instruments.
We have made a course where you can find all our Amibroker code for our không lấy phí trading strategies (and many strategies are also in Tradestation/Easy Language.)
Amibroker is a very powerful tool despite its cheap price. It works both for backtesting and live trading, especially with Interactive Brokers. How you can learn to code, do backtests, and live trading is described in our Amibroker course.
This website is all about quantifying trading strategies, but we are not alone in being skeptical about stop losses. Larry Connors and Curtis Faith have tested stop-loss as well:
Larry Connors and stop-loss strategy
Larry Connors is famous for his focus on mean reversion trading strategies in stocks and ETFs.
In his book called Short Term Strategies That Work he even dedicated a full chapter to stop-losses.
He arrived the simple conclusion that an optimal stop-loss doesnt exist. Moreover, stop-losses tend to hurt system performance much more frequently than the opposite.
How about trend-following and stop-loss?
Curtis Faith and stop-loss strategy
Curtis Faith has written a very good book about trading, The Way Of The Turtle, one of the few books we recommend.
Faith was part of Richard Dennis Turtle project in the 1980s and was presumably one of the more successful pupils. All the strategies they employed were trend following.
Curtis Faith arrived the same conclusion as Larry Connors. On page 145 he states the following:
Note that the zero case, which means no stop all, has the best MAR ratio numbers. In fact, the test with no stops is better for all the metrics: CAGR%, MAR ratio, Sharpe ratio, drawdown, and length of drawdown every single metric. The same things holds true for a test of the Triple Moving Average system: Every single measure was worse with any stops. The same test of stops applied to the Donchian Trend with time-based exit system yields similar results except that for very large stops of 10 ATR or more, the results are about the same as those for a test with no stops. This certainly goes against the common belief that one must always have a stop.
Our strategies tend to work with only very huge stop-loss levels, like for example 10%. When a stop level is so big, then in reality there is no stop loss but you avoid getting stopped out too early.
Instead, we recommend alternatives to stop-loss:
As you might have understood, we are no fans of stop-losses and we prefer alternatives to stop-losses.
We have previously indirectly written about alternatives to stop-losses: trade many asset classes, trade different time frames, employ different types of strategies, vary position sizes, and look for uncorrelated strategies.
The whole idea is to offset losses in one strategy or asset with gains in another. This is a substitute for a stop-loss.
Trade many asset classes:
Why limit yourself to for example just stocks? We are trading both stocks and stock indices, but we also trade commodities like gold, gasoline, Treasuries, Dax, silver, oil, and heating oil. We even trade some currency pairs.
The reason is to have uncorrelated returns. If we lose in ES-mini, we might gain in USD/EUR. If we win in gold, we might suffer in stocks.
We hope you get the idea. The main idea is to smooth returns.
Trade different time frames
There is no best or worst time frame, and we look for strategies that hold for decades and as little as 1-4 hours. Why limit yourself? One dollar made in day trading is the same as one dollar made in swing trading.
The return you get on a day trade can be completely uncorrelated to a swing trade of two weeks.
Trade both long and short
We are mainly trading from the long side, least in stocks, but we love adding short strategies, which are very useful to smooth returns. The downside is that shorts are more prone to erratic moves, and they are also very hard to find.
Time-based stops
We like to use time-based stops. Why? Because trading edges tend to fade as time goes on. The best edges are either very short term or long term (we believe the long term edge is getting better currently because of all the noise in the markets).
If you test strategies, please try first without using stop-loss, but only an exit signal. Youll be surprised to see how many edges simply fade away after a certain number of days.
Employ different types of strategies
Mean reversion and trend following strategies exhibit different characteristics. Mean reversion has many winners and occasionally big losers, while trend following has many more losers but the random big winner that offsets all the small losers.
Employing both types of strategies is something we recommend. You can read more here about the two different types of strategies:
Vary position sizes
Instead of using stop-loss you might consider using a lower position size.
We have one general rule in our trading: always trade a lower size than you would like. This way you are a lot less prone to behavioral mistakes.
Remember that the size of your positions will have an impact on the overall risk level of your trading account. With bigger positions, eventual losses will become bigger as well. Make sure that one position doesnt make up a too big share of your total account balance!
One certain type of strategy rarely works with stop losses: mean reversion.
Mean reversion means that any swings in one direction are likely to revert to the mean and either reverse or lose momentum. A drop in the price is mostly followed by a snap in the other direction.
If you go long in a mean reversion strategy you do so in the expectation it will turn around. If it drops further and your stop gets hit, you are selling when the edge has become stronger. This is certainly not optimal, as you can imagine!
We end the article by giving you some food for thought.
We believe a stop-loss strategy cant be judged solely on its own merit but has to be looked upon in the bigger picture. By the bigger picture, we mean your overall portfolio. If its a 10% loss for the strategy, what is the damage overall? Are your strategies likely to be correlated and create damage the same time? Are you trading many markets, time frames, and both long and short?
Keep this in mind:
Can you live with the drawdown of the strategy?Test by using a time exit and measure how the strategy fades away with time. Check the drawdown.Test your strategy and see how it performs with and without a stop-loss strategy.Does a stop-loss improve the drawdown of the strategy? If so, why, is it outliers? If no, why not?Keep in mind that the worst drawdown is highly likely yet to come.How will the strategys drawdown affect your overall portfolio?
Survival and risk
Always keep in the back of your head that trading is about survival and avoiding ruin: Never cross a river that is on average four feet deep. This is sure to make you drown.
At the end of the day, you need to spend considerable time setting up a trading plan. This includes testing for stop-loss strategies and how to smooth your returns. Such a plan might not include stop-losses all, but rather diversification.
A stop-loss is there to avoid ruin, foremost, not to make you rich. A stop-loss strategy might preserve your capital, but it might also lead to many small losses that ultimately eat your profits. You have to find the balance. A stop-loss strategy comes with its pros and cons.
3 Free Mean Reversion Trading Strategies (Backtested Buy And Sell Signals)The First Day Of Month Seasonality In The S&P 500 (Trading The First Day Of The Month)
Bạn vừa đọc Post Với Một số hướng dẫn một cách rõ ràng hơn về Clip Stop loss is bad tiên tiến và phát triển nhất
Bạn đang tìm một số trong những ShareLink Download Stop loss is bad Free.
Nếu sau khi đọc nội dung bài viết Stop loss is bad vẫn chưa hiểu thì hoàn toàn có thể lại phản hồi ở cuối bài để Tác giả lý giải và hướng dẫn lại nha
#Stop #loss #bad
Tra Cứu Mã Số Thuế MST KHƯƠNG VĂN THUẤN Của Ai, Công Ty Doanh Nghiệp…
Các bạn cho mình hỏi với tự nhiên trong ĐT mình gần đây có Sim…
Thủ Thuật về Nhận định về nét trẻ trung trong môi trường tự nhiên vạn…
Thủ Thuật về dooshku là gì - Nghĩa của từ dooshku -Thủ Thuật Mới 2022…
Kinh Nghiệm Hướng dẫn Tìm 4 số hạng liên tục của một cấp số cộng…
Mẹo Hướng dẫn Em hãy cho biết thêm thêm nếu đèn huỳnh quang không còn…