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Nội dung chính
Introduction to listsUnordered lists (UL), ordered lists (OL), and list items (LI)Definition lists: the DL, DT, and DD elementsVisual rendering of listsThe DIR and MENU elements
HTML offers authors several mechanisms for specifying lists of information. All lists must contain one or more list elements. Lists may contain:
The previous list, for example, is an unordered list, created with the UL element:
An ordered list, created using the OL element, should contain information where order should be emphasized, as in a recipe:
Mix dry ingredients thoroughly.Pour in wet ingredients.Mix for 10 minutes.Bake for one hour 300 degrees.
Definition lists, created using the DL element, generally consist of a series of term/definition pairs (although definition lists may have other applications). Thus, when advertising a product, one might use a definition list:
Lower costThe new version of this product costs significantly less than the previous one!Easier to useWe’ve changed the product so that it’s much easier to use!Safe for kidsYou can leave your kids alone in a room with this product and they won’t get hurt (not a guarantee).
defined in HTML as:
Lists may also be nested and different list types may be used together, as in the following example, which is a definition list that contains an unordered list (the ingredients) and an ordered list (the procedure):
The ingredients:
The procedure:Mix dry ingredients thoroughly.Pour in wet ingredients.Mix for 10 minutes.Bake for one hour 300 degrees.Notes:The recipe may be improved by adding raisins.
The exact presentation of the three list types depends on the user agent. We discourage authors from using lists purely as a means of indenting text. This is a stylistic issue and is properly handled by style sheets.
Start tag: required, End tag: required
Start tag: required, End tag: optional
Attribute definitions
type = style-information [CI]Deprecated. This attribute sets the style of a list item. Currently available values are intended for visual user agents. Possible values are described below (along with case information).start = number [CN]Deprecated. For OL only. This attribute specifies the starting number of the first item in an ordered list. The default starting number is “1”. Note that while the value of this attribute is an integer, the corresponding label may be non-numeric. Thus, when the list item style is uppercase latin letters (A, B, C, …), start=3 means “C”. When the style is lowercase roman numerals, start=3 means “iii”, etc.value = number [CN]Deprecated. For LI only. This attribute sets the number of the current list item. Note that while the value of this attribute is an integer, the corresponding label may be non-numeric (see the start attribute).compact [CI]Deprecated. When set, this boolean attribute gives a hint to visual user agents to render the list in a more compact way. The interpretation of this attribute depends on the user agent.
Attributes defined elsewhere
Ordered and unordered lists are rendered in an identical manner except that visual user agents number ordered list items. User agents may present those numbers in a variety of ways. Unordered list items are not numbered.
Both types of lists are made up of sequences of list items defined by the LI element (whose end tag may be omitted).
This example illustrates the basic structure of a list.
Lists may also be nested:
DEPRECATED EXAMPLE:
Details about number order. In ordered lists, it is not possible to continue list numbering automatically from a previous list or to hide numbering of some list items. However, authors can reset the number of a list item by setting its value attribute. Numbering continues from the new value for subsequent list items. For example:
Start tag: required, End tag: required
Start tag: required, End tag: optional
Attributes defined elsewhere
Definition lists vary only slightly from other types of lists in that list items consist of two parts: a term and a description. The term is given by the DT element and is restricted to inline content. The description is given with a DD element that contains block-level content.
Here is an example:
Here is an example with multiple terms and descriptions:
Another application of DL, for example, is for marking up dialogues, with each DT naming a speaker, and each DD containing his or her words.
Note. The following is an informative description of the behavior of some current visual user agents when formatting lists. Style sheets allow better control of list formatting (e.g., for numbering, language-dependent conventions, indenting, etc.).
Visual user agents generally indent nested lists with respect to the current level of nesting.
For both OL and UL, the type attribute specifies rendering options for visual user agents.
For the UL element, possible values for the type attribute are disc, square, and circle. The default value depends on the level of nesting of the current list. These values are case-insensitive.
How each value is presented depends on the user agent. User agents should attempt to present a “disc” as a small filled-in circle, a “circle” as a small circle outline, and a “square” as a small square outline.
A graphical user agent might render this as:
for the value “disc”
for the value “circle”
for the value “square”
For the OL element, possible values for the type attribute are summarized in the table below (they are case-sensitive):
TypeNumbering style1arabic numbers1, 2, 3, …alower alphaa, b, c, …Aupper alphaA, B, C, …ilower romani, ii, iii, …Iupper romanI, II, III, …
Note that the type attribute is deprecated and list styles should be handled through style sheets.
For example, using CSS, one may specify that the style of numbers for list elements in a numbered list should be lowercase roman numerals. In the excerpt below, every OL element belonging to the class “withroman” will have roman numerals in front of its list items.
OL.withroman list-style-type: lower-roman
The rendering of a definition list also depends on the user agent. The example:
might be rendered as follows:
Dweeb
young excitable person who may mature into a Nerd or Geek
tin tặc
a clever programmer
Nerd
technically bright but socially inept person
DIR and MENU are deprecated.
See the Transitional DTD for the formal definition.
Attributes defined elsewhere
The DIR element was designed to be used for creating multicolumn directory lists. The MENU element was designed to be used for single column menu lists. Both elements have the same structure as UL, just different rendering. In practice, a user agent will render a DIR or MENU list exactly as a UL list.
We strongly recommend using UL instead of these elements.
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